Lab 3-1: Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds

1.The properties of an Ionic Compound is:

-high melting point

-the are hard, due to their crystalline structure which is a unique arrangement of atoms -in a solid.

-is a strong conductor when dissolved in a liquid.

2. Properties of Covalent Compounds:

-low melting point

-they exist at room temperature, as liquids or gases. 

-doesn't conduct electricity when dissolved in a liquid.

-brittle

3. The elements that combine to form ionic compounds are metals and non metals.  Ionic bonding happens when metals lose electrons to form positive ions, while the nonmetals gain electrons, which form negative ions, which creates a neutral charge. The bond occurs because of the attraction

4.Nonmetals that combine make covalent bonds. Electrons are shared to enable a molecule to be in a stable state with a valence electron of 8, which causes a stable octet.

5. Covalent bonds are not good conductors both as a solid, and when dissolved in a liquid, because they are made up of nonmetals; and nonmetals cannot conduct electricity anyway, so it is impossible to conduct anything as a sold.

6.While it is in a solid state, it is unable to conduct an electric current, because most of the electricity isn't able to pass through. When it is dissolved in water, it can conduct substances, or other liquids that an electric current can pass through the the solution.

Enrichment:

1.Electrolytes are essential substances that are needed for the body to carry on its various functions. These nutrients, when dissolved, create solutions that are able to conduct electric currents and they are important in maintaining your body's health. Gatorade advertises the fact that the drink contains electrolytes because it is good for your body.

2.Electrolytes are chemical substances which, when dissolved or lost in sweat, are missing the electrically charged particles or ions. When you exercise, you sweat, which causes you to lose electrolytes and the Gatorade restores them.

3. Electrolytes help your body function optimally, sending the correct messages through your fluid and across the cells. Muscles are contracting and relaxing, and nerve impulses sending the right directions out to parts of your body.

4. Sodium, potassium, or chloride, required by cells to regulate the electric charge and flow of water molecules across the cell membrane.

Lab 2-2 Bag of Ions and Periodic Table Chem Crunch

Part one!
The Periodic Table of Elements is arranged from left to right, it is organized on the basis of atomic numbers. Atomic Number is the number of protons( or electrons) present in a single atom. For example, Hydrogen has 1 proton ( 1 electron) present , it has the atomic number 1. The table is divided into 18 groups and 7 rows in increasing order of atomic numbers. Due to this systematic organization it is easily possible to determine the different properties of each element.
The reason the periodic table is the shape that it is has to do with the electronic configurations of the elements. The periodic table is arranged so that all the elements in each period (row) have similar electronic configurations to the other elements in that period. That also often means that elements in the same group (column) show similar chemical reactivity. Electrons in atoms are arranged in different orbits. Elements in the same group all have the same number of electrons.


Part two!


-Atoms and Ions of the same element have the same number of protons, which means they have the same atomic number.


-Atoms have a neutral charge, but an ion has an a positive or negative charge. An ion is trying to get to a perfect octet (which means the valence elections are eight) or two, which is a perfect duet, so it can be stable.


- The groups will help you figure out the charge of the ion. Many ions that are non metals will have a negative charge because you want to gain elections, and the noble gases will have a positive charge because they will need to lose electrons.