Lab 10.2

The graph that I had and Table G had many similatiries; ours was not very accurate due to the lack of plots on the graph. Since there was only 10g of water, the KClO3 may have dissolved much quicker than it should have.
To make the KClO3 dissolve quicker, we increased the temperature of the solution by putting it on a hot plate. When surface area is increased, meaning we have to crush up the KCLO3 there is more room for collisions resulting in more effective ones.The solution was unsaturated when the KClO3 was undissolved at the bottom of the test tube and it was saturated when the KClO3 was dissolved.




Enrichment:A saturated solution is created when making rock candy. With water you add as much sugar as will dissolve, and then heat the water to dissolve more creating a solution that is supersaturated. After, you add the string into the water on where the candy will form. As the water cools the super saturated solution has more sugar in it than it can possibly hold. This causes the sugar to come out of the solution forming a precipitate which is the crystals of the rock candy.

Lab 10.1

1. The sugar and salt samples are polar because they were not soluble in hexane, and because they were both sulble in water and ethanol. 
2.The vegetable oil is the only non-polar sample because we found that it was soluble in hexane.
 3.We concluded that polarity in ethanol isn't not at a constant rate because it did not dissolve both non-polar or polar molecules at the same rate for a same amount of time.
 4.I would not expect ethanol to dissolve in any of the other two solutions because of its polarity.
 5.NH3: polar, soluble, insoluble. I2: non polar, insoluble, soluble. HCl: polar, soluble, insoluble.
6. The ionic materials are polar whereas hexane is non-polar, therefore the compounds dissolve together.

Enrichment:
I think only the carbon dioxide would dissolve because out of the three gases,due to the fact it's the only polar compound. Oxygen and carbon dioxide need to be able to dissolve in water for any life to live because it's what they use to breathe.

Blog 9.2

1) When HCl was added, the solution turned dark blue and shifted to the right.
2)When looking for the delta H, you can determine if it is exothermic or endothermic by looking at table I, so if there is a negative sign in the amount of kJ that means that the reaction is exthermic, and when there is a plus sign, that indicates that it is a endothermic reaction. You can determine this by looking at a potential energy chart.
3) Table F says that when they react together they are insoluble.
When you add AgNO3, the reaction changed to a pink color and shifted to the left.

6) When the soda container was opened, the reaction shifts to the right since all the pressure from the closed can has been released and because the amount of CO2 is increasing inside of the can.

ENRICHMENT:
1) CO2
2) Shift to the right
3) The amount of CaCO3 decreases
4) The more panting results in a thinner shell because there is less CaCO3
5) Change the temp and this would take advantage of LeChateliers princple because you would be controlling the temp

Lab 9.1

1) The solution process was endothermic because there was no negative side meaning it absorbed heat rather than gave off heat.

2) The possible source of percent error could have been an error in measurement with the thermometer.

3a) The moles of solute would remain the same as for the q value and delta H value, they would both increase which would cause the liquid state of the solute to become greater.

3b) If you added less chemical, the moles of solute would be lower in number along with the q value. The delta H should remain the same.

3c) Your delta H and q value would increase, the number of moles would remain the same.

Enrichment!
The mist being sprayed on the trees is freezing instead of the oranges, they do this because it  helps prevent the oranges from eventually freezing up and dying off.

Lab 8.2

The more viscous oils are the ones that have a higher total number of carbons, which results as well in a higher total number of hydrogen atoms. This is because the the higher viscosity is directly related to the attractions of the molecules. In the lab we came to the conclusion that the higher the boiling point was of an element, the stronger the intermolecular attractions were as well. The larger the the molecules are the stronger the intermolecular attractions are.




Viscosity decreases with boiling point. This means that the liquid less likely to resist flow will have a lower boiling point. This is because of a weaker intermolecular attraction. In the lab, the Torch fuel has a density of 5.7 grams per milliliter, and motor oil has a density of 8 grams per ml. This shows that motor oil has a larger molar mass, and a graph shows us that it takes more energy to boil the torch fuel.

Lab 8.1

1) One error in this procedure was some of the sugar that you chewed disappeared along with little chunks of gum to make measurements decrease in number.Someone could think that the sugar is gone, and they weigh the gum, when really, some sugar is still a component of the gum. This is what probably happened when we performed our experiment, and what messed up the data in the experiment.

Enrichment:
1) Blogs help us look back on what we did in class, and what our procedures were in class. It's a very easy assignment, if you get it done on time. The only thing that should be considered is that some people do not have a computer or internet access at home. But otherwise I think the blog is an easier way to do the summary of your lab.

Lab 7.4

Elements in the same group share similar properties than elements in the same period. You know this because in the lab we saw that the elements that we in the same groups that had been tested turned out to have the same results.We have concluded that they are more similar than elements in the same group.
     Elements in the same group share the same number of valence electrons. ]Which leads to them having similar chemical properties. Because the amount of electrons, or the electron configuration had a big impact on on how elements differ. In groups, elements share the same number of valence electrons, which really means that they have the same amount of distance from the nucleus.
    

As an atom of sodium reacts with an atom of non-metal it loses the electrons. When this happens it becomes a positive ion. The electrical charge of the ion is +1. The soduim ions electron configuration becomes similar to the element neon. After the atom loses electrons and becomes an ion it becomes more stable.
    

Pure sodium can be obtained by mixing both NaCl and the right amount of CaCl to lower the melting point, this process produces  pure sodium metal.